Marijuana Slims? Why Pot Smokers are less obese

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Marijuana Slims? Why Pot Smokers are less obese -
Jana Leon / Stone / Getty Images

If cannabis causes the snack foods, how is it possible that pot smokers are thinner than nonsmokers?

a new study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology is an interesting connection between marijuana use and body weight, indicating that rates obesity are lower by about a third in people who smoke pot at least three times a week, compared to those who use marijuana at all.

The researchers analyzed data from two large national surveys of the US population, which together included some 52,000 participants. In the first survey, they found that 22% of those who do not smoke marijuana were obese, compared to only 14% of regular smokers of marijuana. The second survey found that 25% of non-smokers were obese, compared to 17% of regular users of cannabis.

The association between smoking pot and the lowest risk of obesity remained strong even after adjusting for other factors that might affect body fat and health, such as smoking , age and sex. But the correlation between the weeds and the weight does not mean that marijuana actually causes weight loss.

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Many other factors could explain the connection. For example, some research finds that highly religious people are less likely to take drugs, but more likely to be obese - perhaps because they are substituting compulsive behavior (overeating) to the other ( smoking marijuana). Thus, some obese people in national surveys can be religious people, who might otherwise be heavy marijuana smokers, but overeating instead. This could make it look like marijuana is slimming.

also consider that one of the most popular uses of medical marijuana to stimulate appetite in people with cancer, AIDS or other diseases. These patients are far less likely to be obese than the general population -. In this case, weight loss precede or require the use of marijuana

Whatever the explanation for the link between marijuana and less obesity, it is unlikely that cannabis could be used as an effective food aid. For one, pot smoking has been shown to increase appetite in several studies, at least in the short term, so it probably would not help dieters resist.

Second, a drug that has the opposite effect of THC, the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, has itself been shown to help dieting. rimonabant called, at high doses the drug almost tripled the weight loss achieved by those taking a placebo. He also often caused severe depression and suicidal thoughts, though, so he was briefly approved by the European authorities, it was finally withdrawn.

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Of course, none of this explains why the marijuana smokers in the samples of the national survey did not get bigger? taking a drug that can clearly stimulate appetite. One factor may be the tolerance :. Many of the effects of marijuana are reduced in frequent users, as the body adjusts to it

Another may be the substitution - smokers could be looking for comfort by smoking more marijuana, rather than eating more. Or, perhaps other ingredients in cannabis such as cannabidiol (CBD) may reduce the effects of the growing appetite of THC in the same way they reduce his paranoia-inducing properties.

Whatever the case, looking for marijuana never fails to surprise

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Maia Szalavitz is a health writer at TIME.com. Find her on Twitter at @maiasz . You can also continue the discussion on TIME Healthland the Facebook page and on Twitter at @TIMEHealthland .

Diet Disruptor: How brain Sabotage Weight loss

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Diet Disruptor: How brain Sabotage Weight loss -

Nisian Hughes

They say that old habits have a hard life . A new study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation ( JCI ) suggests that prolonged obesity can cause structural changes in the brain, altering responsible for maintenance of healthy weight parts and ultimately undermine your weight loss plans.

The result is consistent with a number of recent studies that suggest that each person can have a natural "set point" weight that our bodies are trying to maintain. But it was difficult to understand why overweight and obese should have their "set points" so high. The new JCI study is among the first to suggest physiological mechanisms that could prevent heavy people too heavy, even after they have started to make changes in healthy lifestyle.

"To explain a biologically elevated body weight 'set point' field investigators have speculated about the existence of fundamental changes to neurocircuits the brain that control energy balance," lead author the study, Michael Schwartz, told reporters. "Our results are the first to provide direct evidence of such a structural change, and include evidence in humans and in mice and rats."

Although Schwartz cautions that its results are not the final word, this is what the new study found:

Rodents who became obese in a diet rich in persistent developed fats " neuronal injury "in the hypothalamus - part of the brain that regulates many metabolic functions, including hunger and fatigue As mice and rats continued to eat junk food, their brains began to show. damage in the area that controls the weight control.

PHOTOS: What makes you eat more food

Schwartz and colleagues then examined MRI scans of 34 obese humans, and found the same kind of injury among hypothalamus unusual raising the possibility that a common culprit may be at work in the promotion of obesity in speices.

The idea of ​​a body weight "set point" has promising implications for the treatment of obesity. Although it is well known that people will lose weight when they burn more calories than they consume, our bodies have many ways to adjust the calories we use during normal office day to day, as muscle repair. This means that even if someone can control his calorie consumption exactly, it can not control its total energy balance - or how much he eats less how it burns. - With the same kind of precision

In addition, changes in hormone levels can also promote or suppress appetite. A 2011 study in the New England Journal of Medicine found that when obese people lost weight, they usually known hormonal changes that lead to hunger, making it much more difficult to reduce calories and maintain the new lower weight.

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For obese then it seems like a vicious circle. Excess weight now means that if you manage to lose weight in the future, you still face potential challenges when trying to maintain that healthy weight. It is unclear from the study whether the change is reversible in the hypothalamus, but alterations may explain why people who were once heavy may struggle with hunger and find that the books slide back on so unexpected - and fast frustrating. Many studies confirmed that successful dieters often find much of their lost weight within one year of the diet - even when people are able to stay long-term diet. Seeing that weight back in turn can cancel the motivation for the future weight maintenance, and add to the vicious circle.

So is a diet a futile effort for those who are overweight? Not necessarily. You might be fighting not only your eating habits, but some very powerful biological signals to eat, eat, eat.

But even if you struggle with your weight, there is no reason to lose hope just yet. Lose all the weight is better than now lost eight, and Fitness and a good diet can make you feel energetic, healthier and happier even if you shed as much as you intended.

Big guests are out. 5 best for you Morning Meal

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Big guests are out. 5 best for you Morning Meal -

nutritional conventional wisdom suggested that having a big breakfast jump starts your metabolism and helps you eat less the rest of the day - and stay slim. But a study published Monday in Nutrition Journal turned that notion on its ear. So now that the big breakfasts are out, Healthland five suggestions for downsizing your special lumberjack in something a little nicer waistline.

Whither Qnexa? A brief history of diet pills and FDA

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Whither Qnexa? A brief history of diet pills and FDA -
Alexander Ho tIME

is that the second time is the charm for drug Qnexa diet? The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review the data on the weight loss drug, again - an advisory group will meet on Wednesday - after rejecting the drug for approval once already in 2010.

Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee voted the agency initially 10-6 against Qnexa's approval over concerns that it may increase heart rate and cause birth defects - concerns the FDA still has the second time. According to the FDA's disclosure documents, the Advisory Committee will be asked Wednesday to consider whether the manufacturer of Qnexa, Vivus, should conduct a clinical trial on cardiovascular risk before approval - a move that could delay significantly its reach in the market. Vivus proposes to post-approval study.

The key question for the panel is whether Qnexa is effective for weight loss - clinical trials suggest that it is, although in the second year of a trial, participants regained some of the weight they lost within the first year - but if its potential side effects outweigh its benefits.

Qnexa is a combination of two existing drugs - phentermine, an appetite stimulant suppression, and topiramate, an antiepileptic drug that is usually prescribed to control epilepsy, but also affects the appetite.

To address these concerns, the manufacturer of Qnexa, Vivus, suggested the drug is approved only for use in men and in women of childbearing potential not. This type of labeling work around did not meet the FDA, however, and the agency has asked the company to find a way to prevent pregnant women from using it.

Qnexa is not the first, it will not be the last weight loss pill to get approval from the FDA. The market is ripe for a new drug to help Americans lose weight, "We're really going to Weight Watchers to bariatric surgery regarding treatment options," said Joseph Nadglowski, president of the Obesity Action Coalition , an advocacy group for patients in Tampa, Fla., in an interview with Bloomberg. "For many, this is a pretty big difference."

But the FDA has an uneven history with diet drugs and an ever growing bar for new weight loss remedies. After a brief history of the success of the diet drug industry, failures and near misses.

Amphetamines
The original diet of drugs date back to the 1950s Amphetamines simply worked by stimulating the metabolism around, cause the body to burn more calories faster. The problem - as with any energy system pushed to its limits - was that the cells are not made to burn, burn, burn. They eventually burn, leading to heart problems, chest pain, palpitations, insomnia and other health problems.

Amphetamines, which stimulate energy and mood are as addictive as they tap into the brain's reward system. After their potential for abuse occurred, US and European officials have banned most amphetamine based drugs, but the drug is still available, often hidden in the diet remedies in South America.

Fen-phen and Redux
A new drug combination fenfluramine appetite suppressant and existing phentermine, fen-phen was all the rage in the mid-1990s, leading to a loss of weight in hundreds of thousands of Americans. In 1996, after media attention, the FDA approved a related drug, dexfenfluramine as Redux, which was the same as fen-phen, but with fewer side effects. However, the side effects were always serious: in the summer of 1997, the FDA revealed that 82 patients had developed defects in their heart valves while on fen-phen, and seven patients came down with the same condition on Redux. Other patients developed pulmonary hypertension, a potentially fatal lung disease, and JAMA study confirmed previous reports that both fen-phen and Redux caused brain damage in laboratory animals . After millions of prescriptions written in 1997 both fenfluramine and Redux were withdrawn from the market.

sibutramine (Meridia)
Since amphetamines made too much risk of addiction and other side effects, researchers have begun to focus on ways to trick the brain into want less food. Sibutramine, approved in 1997, worked on brain chemicals that affect appetite by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin, the drug may suppress the desire to eat and convince the body that it was full, helping dieters to lose 5% to 10% of their body weight in a few months. After studies showed users were more likely to develop heart problems and stroke, however, the drug was withdrawn from the market in 2010.

Lorcaserin (Lorqess)
Because sibutramine, lorcaserin focused on changing brain chemicals, especially serotonin, convincing the body it was full. But an FDA panel recommended in 2010 against the approval of the drug because studies in which female rats taking the drug developed an alarming number of mammary tumors. The committee also asked the manufacturer to Lorqess, Arena, to perform additional tests on the drug's effect on users with diabetes and heart disease, conditions that commonly affect those who are overweight.

Contrave
A combination of two drugs already approved the antidepressant drug bupropion and naltrexone anti-addiction pill, Contrave has got the nod of an advisory committee to the FDA, which voted 13-to 7 for approval in 2010, but was ultimately rejected by the body itself over concerns that the drug increased the risk of heart attacks, strokes and other cardiovascular problems. The FDA said the minimal weight loss experienced by users (4.2%) does not justify the potential cardiovascular risks.

In another sign of FDA high threshold is set for diet drugs, the agency said Orexigen Therapeutics, the manufacturer of Contrave, would need to conduct further studies and long-term possible cardiac risks associated with Contrave, before approval would be considered. Such a trial would cost the company hundreds of millions of dollars -. enough to kill further development if Orexigen decides the diet market expected pill does not justify the cost

Orlistat (Alli, Xenical)
Currently, the only drug approved scheme on the US market, orlistat is available in two (Xenical) formulations over-the-counter (Alli) and prescription. Orlistat works not in the brain but in the intestine, promoting weight loss by preventing the body from absorbing the fat in food. The drug, which is intended to be used in combination with a low-fat diet and exercise program can help users lose 50% more weight than they would with diet and 'exercise. In this case, excess gas, oily or fatty stools and even oily stains

Alice Park is a writer at TIME. Find her on Twitter at @aliceparkny. You can also continue the discussion on TIME's Facebook page and on Twitter at @TIME.

The Healthiest Places to Live in the US, Ranked

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The Healthiest Places to Live in the US, Ranked -
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you can brag about to have a healthy home and a healthy lifestyle, but how good you are at your neighborhood?

you can find out, thanks to the health of the 2012 ranking county, the annual settlement of this country the healthiest (and unhealthiest places) to live as compiled by the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The survey evaluates 3,000 US counties on health behaviors such as exercise and smoking rates, clinical care, social and economic factors, physical environment (such as the availability of sidewalks and bike paths) and the number of fast-food restaurants. In the ranking of this year, the researchers also calculated the premature death trends over 10 years.

GALLERY: Healthiest States US Ranks. Where do you live? For example, the birth rate among teenage girls and sexually transmitted infections were higher in the southern states, while residents in the northern states have shown higher levels of alcohol abuse.

What is the key to a healthy county? People who have lived longer and with a better quality of life tend to live in areas with less smoking, more physically active residents, births to teenage lower and better access to primary care physicians. Interestingly, healthy and unhealthy counties do not differ significantly on obesity rates or access to healthy food choices.

Read the health of your county, see the interactive rankings Countyhealthrankings.org.

Alice Park is a writer at TIME. Find her on Twitter at @aliceparkny. You can also continue the discussion on TIME's Facebook page and on Twitter at @TIME.

Being healthy is Taking a bite out of your budget?

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Being healthy is Taking a bite out of your budget? -
CO2 / Getty Images

years when I was a broke student remaining on ramen noodles and off-brand cereal, I used to fantasize that one day when I had a good job, I would be able to afford to eat healthy incredibly. I intended to buy vegetables every week, belong to a fabulous gym, use a personal trainer and get regular massages.

But today, I still get sticker shock when I go to the grocery store. That is why I am so skeptical when a study by the USDA published a few months ago claimed that healthy foods are actually cheaper than the highly processed substance. These results are based on the fact that the old method prioritized price per calorie, junk food giving low cost advantage over vegetables. But, the report says, "When measured on the basis of edible weight or average portion size, grains, vegetables, fruits and dairy products are less expensive than most protein foods and foods high in saturated fat, added sugar, and / or sodium. "Translation: now there's really no excuse for not eating healthier

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However, it is one thing to understand as cereals and legumes are a source of protein that the cheapest range chicken; it is quite another to try to get my meat loving husband for rice and beans for dinner every night. Similarly, gym memberships and personal trainers can be a big monthly expense, but they might be worth it if the only thing you would do at home with your treadmill or dumbbells sometimes wipe the dust off of them

formatting. - and stay that way - can save you some serious money in the long-term lifestyle changes can. help ward off diabetes, as well as joint replacement and other major medical expenses. Thus, with these motivating factors in mind, here are some tips to help you reduce the money you spend on the road to be active and healthy :.

Prioritize your monthly budget Sit and write a budget that reflects the fixed and discretionary spending is an important step for anyone wanting to be in control of their finances. Yet it can be difficult to decide which are appropriate discretionary spending - especially if there is not much left after paying bills. It should be a conscious process. You need to understand what is most important to you and then make some compromises

For example, my friend Tracy hired a personal trainer, who tended his budget. She dropped the service, but it has become de-motivated to exercise on itself. I suggested him to continue working with the trainer while reducing outdoor dining and also wait to shop until after she fell to her waist pants desired - the two that helped her to motivate weight loss goal. If you can not have everything at once, invest in what makes you feel better.

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Plan ahead and . My mother worked outside the house when I was growing up and always expected the value of a week of meals that we can do all the grocery shopping at once. We also do it in my house now, and this kind not only saves me time planning, as well as discounts on us discard the unused food. Looking ahead, it is easier to budget more expensive selections as fresh fish or the more expensive cuts of meat, and also makes it less tempting to eat outside, which can come with a high price tag -. And the number of calories

Comparison shop. If you like working in a gym but want to save money, shop around. If gym memberships in your area are too expensive, to explore options in your workplace, local schools or community centers, which often offer free or low cost activities. Browse the internet to see if there is group sports such as hiking, cycling or running you can join for free or at a nominal cost.

And if you think you use, consider training or strength yoga DVD at home.

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So remember: if you are struggling to lose weight and stay motivated the beach season to season the beach, it does not have to be expensive to make healthy choices, as long as you're willing to put in some time and effort. Giving priority, plan ahead and make smart choices, you can maintain your physical and financial well-being.

De Baca is vice president of wealth strategies at Ameriprise Financial.

Fat in red meat and butter can hurt your brain

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Fat in red meat and butter can hurt your brain -
A Carmichael / Getty Images

previous research has shown that diet rich in saturated fats and trans fats is a no-no for maintaining a healthy heart. Now a new study from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) goes further, finding these "bad" fats are associated with poor cognitive function and memory in women over time. Otherwise, "good" fats - monounsaturated fats such as in avocados and olive oil - are linked to a better understanding

.

Researchers analyzed approximately 6,000 women over 65 years in the study of women's health - a cohort of nearly 40,000 women over 45. The selected women participated in three cognitive-function tests which were spaced every two years over a four-year term.

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The women completed detailed questionnaires about their diet and consumption frequency in early 'study. women who consumed the highest amounts of saturated fats - found in foods like butter and red meat -. not as good overall results on tests cognitive-function during the four-year period women who consumed the most monounsaturated fats had better cognition and memory in the same period of time

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"previous literature shows that there are significant relationship between fats and heart health," says Okereke. "Heart health is also associated with brain aging, so we wanted to see how this relationship and these fats influence cognitive function "Okereke speculates different fats can alter the levels of inflammation in the body. the influence of fats on overall cardiovascular health can mean differences in cognitive aging.

"People will want to think about the substitution of saturated fat for monounsaturated foods," Okereke said. "Making that substitution may be a way to prevent cognitive decline in the elderly."

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Consider some of these foods rich in monounsaturated fatty acids such as healthier alternatives

  • olive oil
  • Lawyers
  • nuts
  • Seeds

While you're at it, avoid the consumption of these foods rich in saturated fats:

  • butter
  • red meat
  • packaged foods including cookies, crackers and chips
Samantha Heller, a dietitian at the Center for Cancer Care at Griffin hospital in Derby, Conn., said more research should consider the power play in the development of memory loss diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Meanwhile, to reduce the intake of saturated fats, Heller told HealthDay recommends the following:
"[C] hoose foods low or no fat dairy such as milk and yogurt fat free. Stick with skinless poultry and fish. Limit red and processed meats such as beef, pork, lamb, hot dogs or bologna a few times a month. Experiment with meatless meals such that vegetarian burgers, black-eggplant lasagna spinach or beans, corn and avocado tacos "

( PLUS Should we all be vegetarians).

The study was published in Annals of Neurology .